Stuttering, repetition word

Stuttering is a condition in which the sufferer has a speech impediment. Stutterers usually repeat syllables or extend the mention of a word when speaking.

Stuttering can be experienced by all ages. Generally, this condition affects children under the age of 5 years. Stuttering at this age is a form of inability to convey intent. This is quite natural and can disappear by itself, with age.

However, stuttering can also be caused by interference with the brain, nerves, or muscles involved in speech. If left unchecked, the condition of stuttering can worsen, as well as have an impact on the loss of self-confidence and disrupt social relations.

Cause of Stuttering

Based on the cause, stuttering is divided into 3 types, namely:

Growth. Stuttering generally occurs in children under the age of 5 years. Stuttering that arises is a form of limitations in conveying an intention through language or words. This is quite reasonable and will disappear by itself.

Neurogenic. Neurogenic stuttering is stuttering caused by disorders of the brain, nerves, and muscles involved in speech. This condition can be caused by an accident or disease, such as a stroke.

Psychogenic. Psychogenic stuttering is rare. This type of stuttering is caused by trauma or problems in thinking or reasoning.

In addition, there are several risk factors that can trigger stuttering or worsening, namely:

Stunted growth and development. Children who experience interference in the process of growth and development or have other speech disorders will more easily suffer from stuttering.

Gender. Stuttering is more experienced by men than women.

Stress. Experiencing pressure from certain situations can worsen the stutter suffered.

Heredity Having family members who suffer from stuttering.

Stuttering Symptoms

Someone who suffers from stuttering usually has difficulty in speaking, in the form of repeating or prolonging the mention of a word. For example "ma-ma-ma-eat" or "mmmmmmmakan". Stutterers also often take breaks in speaking, use fillers such as "ummm" or "aaa" in the pauses, and avoid eye contact with the speaker.

Stuttering also has physical symptoms. Physical symptoms that commonly appear in stuttering sufferers are lip trembling, excessive blinking of the eyes, tension in the face, frequent clenching of fists, and facial muscles twitching.

Symptoms of stuttering can worsen when the sufferer feels tired, stressed, stressed, in a hurry, or even overly excited about something. However, stuttering may not occur when the stutterer is singing or talking to himself.

Although generally stuttering can heal by itself, but people with stuttering should see a doctor if:

Stuttering lasts longer than 6 months.

Stuttering persists or even the frequency of recurrence increases as children get older.

Influences communication skills at school, work, or the neighborhood.

Causes emotional disturbances, such as anxiety, fear, and avoiding activities or situations that require talking.

Having difficulty saying all the words.

Stuttering Diagnosis

In diagnosing stuttering, the doctor will observe the patient. Some things that doctors will observe include:

Early appearance of stuttering symptoms.

Medical treatment that has been undertaken.

Whether or not there is an impact in daily life.

A history of illness that can trigger stuttering, such as Tourette's sidrom or stroke.

General health conditions.

Changes in speech are usually seen by doing a reading test aloud.

Treatment for Stuttering

Treatment in handling stuttering in each person is different, adjusted for the results of the doctor's examination. Handling is done also can not eliminate stuttering completely, but can help stutterers in controlling the symptoms that exist.

Some methods used to treat stuttering are:

1. Speech therapy. This therapy focuses on reducing the frequency of the appearance of stuttering symptoms while talking. Patients will be given directions to minimize the appearance of stuttering by speaking more slowly, regulating breathing while speaking, and understanding when stuttering will appear. This therapy can also eliminate anxiety in patients who often appear when going to communicate.
2. Use special equipment. Patients can use special equipment that aims to control symptoms. One tool that is often used to control the symptoms of stuttering is DAF or delayed auditory feedback. This tool works by repeating what the user is saying, so it makes users like talking in unison with other people.
3. Cognitive behavioral therapy. Coginitive behavioral therapy aims to change the mindset that can worsen stuttering. In addition, this method can also relieve stress and anxiety that can trigger stuttering.

There are no medicines proven to overcome stuttering. In children, parental involvement is very influential. Understanding how to communicate well with stutterers can help improve patient conditions. Some things you can do to effectively communicate with stutterers are:

Listen to what sufferers convey. Make eye contact naturally with sufferers while talking.

Avoid completing the words the patient wants to convey. Let the sufferer finish his words.

Choose a place to talk that is quiet and comfortable. If necessary, set a moment when the sufferer is very interested in telling something.

Avoid reacting negatively when stuttering recurs. Give correction gently and praise the patient when conveying an intention smoothly.

Speak slowly. Stutterers will unconsciously follow the speed of the other person's speaking. If the interlocutor speaks slowly, the sufferer will also speak slowly, so that he can more smoothly convey his intentions.

Stuttering Complications

There is no evidence that stuttering can cause complications in the form of other diseases. Complications that commonly occur due to this condition are:

• Loss of role in schools, workplaces and residences.
• Become a victim of harassment or bullying.
• Have low self-confidence.
• Restless when going to talk
• Avoid activities that involve talking.

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